Our country railroad carries the way that high speed burden develops, taller and taller to requirement of railroad axle quality. Because this railroad uses the production of axle,craft and equipment requirement promote ceaselessly. My factory is south one of main base that car group axle produces, axle machine machines the technical reformation that product line passes for many times, equipment of phase in numerical control, at present numerical control machine tool already occupied 50 ％ above. Numerical control machine tool machines stability and Gao Rou sex goodly with its, improved the integral quality of my factory axle greatly. But be in in last few years in, the problem axle that appears through CNC Machining also has many, have Vietnam of RD2, RE2A, RD3A, exit, Indonesian axle waiting for a country among them. Because grow knife or dimension out of tolerance,these problem axes are for the most part, and cause not due pecuniary loss. Accordingly, the analysis discusses the method that problem axis generation avoids in CNC Machining to have certain sense. 1. Process designing of (1) of case study of generation of axle of the problem in CNC Machining and the handlers of machine tool of influence numerical control that operate a habit have capacity of certain and manual process designing commonly. Program of NC of work out axle, no matter its craft is numeric still calculation is not complex, process designing is accordingly easier begin. But bad process designing is used to or often put on machine tool operation have a few difference and cause misoperation. If fruit is actual process designing is medium, using coordinate of G50 instruction set is, grant to carry out first, operate directly after that start with return join the program that establishs coordinate department automatically (workpiece coordinate is being built after the knife fills is) , misoperation appears when moving. Because this program is on G50 set value,this is undertook the knife fills slant buy, and rather than is returned relatively in the program formerly joining automatic coordinate is. In production, differ like such process designing and operation habit and cause the case that the product discards as useless, common occurance. (The machine tool of influence numerical control of 2) equipment malfunction even if reliability is higher, but strengthen carelessly safeguard, also can give trouble, especially recessive breakdown. Machine tool of ordinary numerical control switchs on the mobile phone to want to undertake answering 0 (return) of reference point position namely, returning ginseng breakdown is a machine tool one of common breakdown. By the positional error that returns reference point to cause, the ability when be being machined only discovers. If use,return ginseng is automatic build sit, mark is, cutting tool compensates department of set workpiece coordinate to undertake process designing, and the machine tool happens again return ginseng position error, workpiece grows knife accident to avoid hard. Also happen from time to tome in my factory production. This also is phase in of reference axis of equipment of current numerical control the reason of absolutely coder, make the machine tool need not return ginseng operation thereby. (The affects my factory production axle breed that 3) tries treatment and handlers level is more, production lot measurement is different also, NC process designing is to want spot handiwork to weave constantly. Because this program types what the mistake has, because not tall or handlers level is overconfident person have, cause the misoperation in moving is debugged to happen from time to tome in the program. 2. The work out that is based on macroinstruction general purpose program (1) axle (RD2, RE2) form of geometry of axle of railroad of example of general NC program is general and basic identical, because this can set out from the angle of process designing, use variable, use grand program of identical operation but function of the arithmetic of repeatability and macroinstruction, logistic operation, work out NC general purpose program, had welcomed the method of programme controll, will discuss the way that avoids to produce problem rod. We according to afore-mentioned analysises, in actual production, with axle axis body treatment is exemple undertook process designing tries, machine the task to be with body of axis of RD2 van axis exemple (the 1) that be like a graph, undertake demonstrative. The numerical control machine tool of my factory basically is given priority to with FANUC-OTD system. Because this system version is early, face plate edits key without operation accord with; In the meantime, the spot also does not have the medium that corresponds with the computer, because this can apply A only kind grand program, weave with G65 Hxx P#xx Q#xx R#xx or format of input of G65 Hxx P#xx Qxx Rxx namely grand program. Code of the H in the instruction is basic instruction, in order to realize arithmetic and logistic operation (decrease to add like H01 assignment, H02-H05 wait for) by the algorithm that eliminate use; After address of P, Q, R " Xx " show micron progression is worth; "#xx " it is variable date. Graph 2 it is to exceed course diagram, example program is as follows. O1111; Main program (put into gear of main shaft of RD2) N10 M43*(3) N20 MO3* N30 M98 O9990* N40 M98 O9995* N50 T0212* N60 M98 O9997* N70 T0414* N8O M98 O9998* N90 T0111* N100 M98 O9999* N110 M98 O9990* N120 M30 O9990; Initialization subprogram (cancel to slant buy, knife fills reach a loop to wait) N10 G18 T0000* N30 C40* N20 C54 G80 G99* N40 M99* O9995; Positional examination and build coordinate to fasten subprogram N05 M98 O9990* N10 G65 H01 P#120 Q#5041*(to endow with workpiece coordinate to be worth) coordinate of machine tool of ode of N20 C65 H01 P#121 Q#5042* N30 G65 H01 P#122 Q#5021*(is worth) N40 G65 H01 P#123 O#5022* N50 G65 H02 P#148 Q#530 R#122* N60 G65 H02 P#149 Q#531 R#123* N70 G50 X#148 Z#149*(establishs workpiece coordinate is) N80 M99* O9996; Subprogram of operation of circular arc node (coordinate of node of computational circular arc) N10 G65 H03 P#505 Q#500 R#501* N20 G65 H05 P#102 Q#505 R2* N30 G65 H03 P#103 Q#502 R#102* N40 C65 H28 P#506 Q#502 R#103* N50 M99* O9997; Condition of frequency of 509 R0*(thick car judges appearance of N10 M98 O9996* N20 G65 H81 P120 Q of program of right thick vehicle) N30 G65 H02 P#111 Q#501 R15000* N40 G65 H02 P#113 Q#501 R4000* N50 G65 H02 P#110 Q#500 R201000* N60 G00 X#111 Z-#506* N70 G01 X#113 F#507* N80 G03 U#505 W#506 R#502 F#507* N90 G01 U3. 0* N100 GOO X#110 Z0* N120 M99* O9998; Condition of frequency of thick car of N10 M98 O9996* N20 G65 H81 P120 Q#508 R0*(of program of left thick car is judged) N30 C65 H02 P#107 Q#501 R5000* N40 G65 H03 P#108 O#503 R#506* N50 G65 1102 P#109 O#501 R4000* N60 G65 H02 P#110 Q#500 R201000* N70 G00 X#107 Z-#108* N80 G01 X#109 F#507* N90 G02 U#505 W-#506 R#502 F#507* N100 G01 U3.
0* N110 G00 X#110 Z0* N120 M99* O9999; N10 M98 O9996* N60 G65 H02 P#110 Q#500 R201000* N70 G65 H02 P#105 Q#500 R3000* N80 G65 H03 P#106 Q#503 R#506* N90 G00 X#105 Z0* N100 G01 X#500 F#504* N110 G02 U-#505 W-#506 R#502 F#504* N120 G01 Z-#106* N130 G02 U#505 W-#506 R#502 F#504* N140 G01 U3 of fine car program.
Plant of car of hill of copper of group of the car austral China of 0* N150 G00 X#110 Z0* N160 M99* (machine program of safe and politic example is medium in 2) axle general purpose program, core was to use a main program (01111) calls subprogram structure. Divide in the main program outside asking to choose cutting tool according to craft, without other interpolation instruction, program structure is accordingly simple, make the security of handlers spot process designing increases. In actual process designing, the card of craft of basic measure make known to lower levels that technologist basis machines axle can, card of handlers basis craft revises variable cost. Because new program just revises value of a quantity of photograph meet an emergency, because this avoided treatment completely,debug what link place causes to be abandoned by accident happen. Initialization subprogram was designed to call in the program (O9990) , in order to avert the causes possibly interference after other program moves. In axle NC in general purpose program, we were designed mainly the position detects and set coordinate is a subprogram (O9995) , the operation habit that its action is pair of knife methods that assure this program and other program and handlers is consistent; 2 be make workpiece coordinate is fastened build only position of reference point of basis machine tool. Memory can carry when the position of machine tool reference point of machine tool of numerical control of my factory FANUC-OTD drops report. Such, it is OK that the main program is divided in machine tool random like other program the position can be started outside moving, the operation that also need not return reference point at the same time (the) when was not being changed in position of machine tool reference point, the machine tool used absolutely coder as reference axis same. Because this kept away from,the machine tool returns ginseng breakdown. In thick car program (O9997, O9998) , still can pass add H81 function () of conditional judgement statement, increase thick car number, in order to satisfy the need with different axle different surplus. More make sure axle machines safety. Simplify in example program it is thick car. 3. Brief summary afore-mentioned NC the characteristic of general purpose program is a structure concise, clear, legible, after using a success through, do not need big modification basically. Adopt parameter set, still can conceal a subprogram, make the program has better security. In production, the axle general purpose program that we weave with macroinstruction machines body of axis of half smooth axis (RD2, RE2, RB2, imprint guest axis) , apply a proof actually, this method prevented the generation of all sorts of problem axes in CNC Machining process effectively. Without giving thought to the size of production lot, simplified greatly process designing, reduced a mistake, reduced a program to safeguard workload. CNC Milling
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