Auger cut processing technique

5 μ M, belong to rough machining. Bore basically is used at quality to ask of not tall aperture machine eventually, for example bolt aperture, oily aperture, also can regard quality requirement as the prior operation of taller aperture. Twist drill is produced by tool works major, its are standing norms is φ 0.

80mm of 1 ～ φ . The structure of twist drill is main by petiole, cervical reach working section to comprise, see graph 1:a) awl power twist drill twist drill of B) straight power cutting part of C) twist drill pursues the clip that the structural petiole of 1 twist drill is broach holds a share, in order to transfers torque and axial power. Petiole has straight handle and awl power two kinds of forms, cheng Zhibing is made when broach diameter is less than 12mm, see a picture 1 (B) ; Broach diameter is more than the conic power that Mohs taper makes when 12mm, see a picture 1 (A) . The flat end of awl handle back end can insert the long Fang Kongzhong of drilling machine main shaft, in order to deliver bigger torque. Cervical the join part that is petiole and working section, it is the chamfer retreating a knife of the emery wheel when grinding petiole, also be the place of the brand that print and broach norms. Straight handle broach is not made commonly have cervical. The working section of broach includes cutting part and oriented share. Cutting part loads main cutting job, if pursue 1 (C) be shown, cutting part by two advocate composition of face of the knife after face of the knife before blade of cutting blade, two deputy cutting and a horizontal blade reach two mixes two. Face of the knife before the one part of helix chamfer is, face of the knife after the top cone of broach is given priority to. The action of oriented part is cut workpiece of people of talent when cutting part oriented action, also be the mothball part of cutting part. Oriented part has two helix chamfer and two arris side, bits of the platoon since helix chamfer and carry cutting fluid action, arris edge has effect of the oriented, hole wall that repair light. Oriented part has pour taper tinily, namely to petiole from cutting part Do of diameter of the broach on every 100mm length decreases 0.

03 ～ 0.

12mm, in order to reduce the attrition with hole wall. The main geometry angle of twist drill has vertex angle 2 φ , helix angle β , before horny γ O, horny α O is mixed after ψ of horizontal blade bevel. These geometrical angle cut size of force of the function of treatment, cutting to getting, discharge bits circumstance to wait to have immediate effect, material and cutting requirement should be machined to choose according to differring when using. Although twist drill is the main cutting tool that Kong Jia is versed in, long-term since be used extensively all the time, but because twist drill is existing to compare serious flaw on the structure, the quality that causes bore and productivity get very big impact, this basically behaves in: (1) broach advocate nod each on cutting blade before horny change is very big, when bore, the cutting speed that the predestined relationship manages outside is the biggest, and of the place before part is the largest, edge intensity is the most fragile, wear away because of what outer predestined relationship handles this bit particularly serious. (2) broach horizontal blade is longer, horizontal blade and near its before horn is negative worth, amount to - 55 ° ～ - 60 ° . When bore, horizontal blade is in crowded blow condition, axial fights force bigger. Horizontal knife is too long at the same time, go against broach centering, easy generation is brought slant, the aperture that causes treatment aperture increases, the axes of aperture out of round or aperture is askew wait. (3) get cutting treatment course is to close partly treatment. When bore, advocate cutting blade attends cutting at the same time endlong, cutting knife is long, cut bits wide, and each nod those who cut bits to pour out of direction and speed each different, cut bits to show snail to coil shape, and the restriction that contains bits chamfer to get broach itself measure again, discharge bits difficulty consequently, cutting fluid is not easy also infuse cutting area, cool and come loose heat is undesirable, lowered the service life of broach greatly. Put the limitation that be in in the light of twist drill of standard high-speed steel, a variety of measure are adopted to build the structure that grinds twist drill in practice. If repair the blade that grind a horizontal stroke, reduce horizontal blade length, increase the role before horizontal blade, reduce axial to accept strength condition; Build area of the knife before grinding, increase the role before the place that get core; Long grind advocate cutting blade, improvement comes loose hot condition; In advocate chamfer of bits giving cent is ground at the back of cutting blade, benefit is mixed at platoon bits cutting fluid infuse, improve cutting condition; Etc. Repair the new-style bit that grind and becomes integratedly with twist drill, namely " group get " . Graph 2 standard type group get a picture 2 it is standard type group get a structure, agree with auger cut carbon steel and low-alloy steel. Its repair grind main feature to be: (1) will horizontal blade is ground short, grind low, improve horizontal blade to be in cutting condition. (2) will stand by auger near the heart advocate blade repairs wear a paragraph of vertex angle is bigger inside straight blade and blade of a paragraph of circular arc, in order to increase the role before blade of this paragraphs of cutting. In the meantime, symmetrical circular arc blade is being gotten centering and cent bits effect have in cutting a course. Nextpage (3) outer chamfer of bits giving cent is ground on straight blade, improvement decides case of bits, platoon bits. Be ground through be being repaired integratedly and become group auger, cutting function is improved significantly. Auger cut axial force to drop than standard twist drill 35 ％ ～ 50% , torsion reduces 10 ％ ～ 30 ％ , cutting is light save labour; Improved medicinal powder hot, break bits and cooling and lubricant condition, durability raised 3 ～ than standard twist drill 5 times; Additional, quality of precision of productivity, treatment, surface rises somewhat. 2. Drill deep hole of the deepness to aperture and diameter than L/d=5 ～ of 10 common deep aperture, can use receive treatment of long twist drill; Of the deepness to aperture and diameter than L/d>5 ～ the deep aperture of 10, the deep Kong Zuancai that must use special structure can be machined. Difficulty of deep aperture treatment is great, technical demand is high, this is the characteristic place decision that deep Kong Jia is versed in. Accordingly, what design and use deep Kong Zuan to should note bit constantly is oriented, prevent deflective; Assure to break bits and platoon bits reliably; Take effective refrigeration and lubricant step. The working principle of a few kinds of common deep Kong Zuan and structural characteristic introduce below. (1) deep Kong Zuan of bits of the platoon outside bits deep aperture is being discharged to get Chan Ren outside Chan Ren says the gun is gotten again. Basically use at machining 20mm of diametical D=3 ～ , the compares L/d>100 small deep hole of hole depth and diameter. Its job principle sees a picture 3. Fluid of cutting of the high pressure when cutting (it is about 3.

10 Μ of 5 ～ Ρ A) the area of cutting of infuse of the aperture that enter fluid from drill pipe and cutting part, with cooling, lubricant broach, the V form chamfer of drill pipe of the classics that cut bits and cutting part rushs, because of the bits of the platoon outside be that this weighs. The characteristic that graph of drill pipe of cutting part 3- of 1- workpiece 2- discharges bits deep aperture to get working principle gun outside 3 odd blade is a structure simpler, face of bearing of broach back circular arc has effect of oriented fixed position in cutting process, cutting is stable, aperture treatment linearity is good. (2) bits of the platoon inside wrong tine discharges bits inside wrong tine of deep Kong Zuan deep Kong Zuan is comfortable at machining diametical D>20mm, hole depth and diameter compare the deep hole with the larger diameter of L/d<100. Its job principle sees a picture 4. Fluid of cutting of the high pressure when cutting (6 Μ of about 2 ～ Ρ A) enter cutting area by the clearance between the surface of workpiece hole wall and drill pipe, with cutting part of cooling, lubricant broach, use high-pressured cutting liquid cut bits to be mixed from broach get a pipe inside Kong Zhongchong goes out. The cutting part that graph of drill pipe of 3- of broach of 1- workpiece 2- discharges bits deep aperture to get deep aperture of bits of the platoon inside tine of working principle fault inside 4 wrong tine is arranged by crisscross of razor blade of several hard alloy solder getting system, achieved cent bit, facilitate the eduction that cut bits; Cutting bits is from eduction of drill pipe interior already did not machine the surface to contact with workpiece, can acquire good treatment surface quality so; Distributing to direct in the hard alloy of broach front, make broach bearing is on hole wall, realized cutting process to direct mediumly, increased the stability of cutting process. (3) gush is sucked get gush to suck auger apply to 65mm of ～ of treatment diameter D=16, hole depth and diameter are more general than the medium diameter of L/d<100 deep aperture. Gush is sucked auger main by broach, inside auger canal, outside get a pipe 3 parts composition, bits of the platoon inside the structure of broach part and wrong tine is deep Kongzuan is basic and identical. Its job principle sees a picture 5. When the job, cutting fluid with constant pressure (it is commonly 0.

98 ～ 1.

A of 96 Μ Ρ ) get from inside and outside input between the canal, among them the cutting fluid of 2/3 is pressed to cutting area through the alveolus on broach, undertake to broach cutting part and oriented part refrigeration and lubricant; Additionally 1/3 cutting fluid is passed inside get gush of nozzle of chamfer of form of the crescent moon on the canal to enter inside get a pipe, because gap of chamfer of crescent moon form is very narrow, the cutting fluid velocity of flow that gush enters increases and form a meiobar, the high pressure of cutting area and inside get the low pressure inside the canal to form pressure difference, make cutting fluid is mixed cut bits one case by rapid " suck " piece, improved refrigeration and platoon bits result, so gush is sucked getting is a kind of efficiency tall, treatment quality is good inside platoon bits deep aperture is gotten. 3- of workpiece of 1- broach 2- is gotten spray head of chamfer of form of crescent moon tubal 5- is gotten outside covering 4- the canal is gotten to pursue inside 6- 5 gush are sucked get working principle Nextpage3. Reaming reaming is to use reamer to go out to already was being gotten on workpiece, the Kong Jin that casting goes out or forge gives enlarges treatment all right. Reaming can be on certain level corrective of former aperture axes deflective, the precision of reaming can amount to IT10 ～ IT9, the Ra value with rough surface can be amounted to 6.

3 ～ 3.

2 μ M, belong to semifinishing machining. Reaming is commonly used the prior operation of the Kong Qian that make bore with a reamer, not tall to quality requirement aperture, reaming also can make the final process that Kong Jia is versed in. The reamer structure type that reaming uses is divided to take the handle is mixed a type two kinds. If the graph is shown 6 times, the reamer that takes a power is comprised by working section and petiole; The reamer that cover type reachs 1:3 by working section0 taper hole are comprised. A) B of straight handle type) C of awl handle type) the graph that cover type reamer of 6 reamer type and twist drill photograph are compared, the chamfer that hold bit is shallow narrow, 3 ～ can be made on cutter hub 4 cutting blade, can improve productivity so. In the meantime, cutting blade grow in quantity, arris is taken also grow in quantity, make the oriented action of reamer rose, cutting is stabler. In addition, reamer does not have horizontal blade, get core bulky, axial force is small, tigidity is better, can use bigger feed. The basis answers to be placed to manage partial type by treatment aperture and machine tool when choosing reamer, choose the reamer of corresponding diameter and type. Normally straight handle reamer and suitable scope are D=3 ～ 20mm; Suitable scope of awl handle reamer is D=7.

5 ～ 50mm, the reamer that cover type basically is used at the reaming of big diameter and deeper aperture to machine, its suitable scope is D=20 ～ 100mm. Reaming surplus is commonly 0.

Diameter of 5 ～ 4mm(is worth) . 4. Aperture of bore with a reamer uses reamer from metal of minim of excision be gettinged on by the hole wall of treatment aperture, make the precision of aperture and exterior quality get the treatment method that rise, call hole of bore with a reamer. Aperture of bore with a reamer is one of in be opposite methods of finish machining of travel of small diameter Kong Jin with commonner application, it undertakes on reaming or the foundation that half essence bores hole. Differ according to the structure of reamer, aperture of bore with a reamer can machine columnar aperture, conic aperture; Can use at the operation, also can undertake on the machine tool. The precision of the aperture after aperture of bore with a reamer can amount to IT9 ～ IT7, ra value amounts to exterior surface roughness 1.

6 ～ 0.

4 μ M. The structure of reamer is shown 7 times like the graph, reamer by petiole, cervical comprise with working section. Working section includes cutting part and Xiu Guang share (standard part) . Cutting part is taper, load main cutting job. Xiu Guang has the corrective aperture, hole wall that repair light and oriented effect partly. Repair smooth part tooth and the attrition that already machined hole wall to decrease, prevent bore diameter to expand, the back end of the part that repair light is cone-shaped shape. Graph structural reamer can divide 7 reamer to use reamer and machine to use reamer for the hand two kinds. The hand is straight handle with reamer (see a picture 7 (A) , its job section is longer, oriented sex is good, the reamer when can preventing opening of bore with a reamer is askew. Machine divide again with reamer mix for straight handle, awl handle a type 3 kinds (see a picture 7 (B) (C) . When choosing reamer, the characteristic that should occupy the reamer that be reached by the characteristic of treatment aperture is chosen correctly. Ordinary hand is used in pre production or job of make repairs and supply replacements with reamer, right not the precision work that strong opening of temper by dipping in water has be operatinged by hand. The hand is D=1 ～ 71mm with reamer suitable scope. Machine apply to with reamer use on the machine tool such as machine tool of lathe, drilling machine, numerical control. The aperture that basically waits for workpiece to steel, alloy steel, cast-iron, copper, aluminium has semifinishing machining and precision work. General aircraft is D=1 ～ 50mm with the suitable scope of reamer, the machine that cover type agrees with with reamer the treatment of bigger aperture, its limits is D=23.

6 ～ 100mm. Additional, reamer cent is 3 accuracy class, the treatment that is used at different precision aperture respectively (H7, H8, H9) . When choose, the type that should hold a share according to be being placed by the diameter of treatment aperture, precision and machine tool will choose corresponding reamer. Productivity of aperture of bore with a reamer is tall, assure the precision of aperture and exterior surface roughness easily, but reamer is the cutting tool that decide a value, the reamer of a kind of norms can machine the aperture of a kind of dimension and precision only, and unfavorable bore with a reamer is cut nonstandard aperture, step aperture and blind aperture. To medium dimension the following narrower opening, get, enlarge, bore with a reamer is the typical craft plan that often adopts in production. 5. Drilling machine drilling machine basically is to use broach getting to cut a diameter not quite, the aperture with precision inferior requirement, still can have opening of reaming, bore with a reamer in addition, attack the treatment such as whorl. When treatment, workpiece is fixed do not move, cutting tool rotates form advocate motion, along axial at the same time the mobile feed that finish moves. The application of drilling machine is very wide, its basically machine a method to see a picture 8. Graph the processes methodological Nextpage drilling machine main type of 8 drilling machine has table drilling machine, advocate type drilling machine, radial drilling machine and bed of deep Kong Zuan. (1) drilling machine of vertical of vertical drilling machine is a kind of machine tool with wider application, its advocate parameter is diameter of the biggest bore, commonly usedly 25mm, 35mm, 40mm and 50mm wait for a few kinds. The characteristic of vertical drilling machine is main shaft axes it is perpendicular decorate, and the position is fixed. When treatment, to make cutting tool rotates central line and by the central line coincide of treatment aperture, must move workpiece, because this vertical drilling machine applies to the aperture of 50mm of ≤ of D of the diameter on little work in treatment only. Graph the 9 outline drawing that are vertical drilling machine. Gear-box traditional Chinese clothes has advocate main transfer machinery of athletic speed change, feed box traditional Chinese clothes has orgnaization of feed movement speed change and clutch operation. When treatment, feed box is fixed do not move, roll operates handle, follow main shaft sleeve to make linear shift finish feed to move in feed box by main shaft. Workbench and feed box install the perpendicular slideway in pillar, can adjust the position up and down, process the work of different height in order to suit. Graph 9 vertical drilling machine (2) the treatment that radial drilling machine of radial drilling machine uses at aperture of 80mm of ≤ of D of the diameter on big, medium-sized spare parts widely. If its appearance pursues 10. Main shaft box can sail upstream in rocker smooth shift, rocker can circle pillar roll already, but edge pillar is perpendicular litre fall. When treatment, workpiece is secured in the installation on workbench or baseplate, through adjusting the position of rocker and main shaft box, make main shaft 5 centers line and by the central line coincide of treatment aperture. Graph 10 radial drilling machine (3) bench drill of other drilling machine is a kind of treatment D=0 of the aperture on small-sized workpiece.

The vertical drilling machine of 1 ～ 13mm; Much axis drilling machine can machine a lot of aperture on workpiece at the same time, productivity is tall, use extensively at large quantities of mass-produced; Central aperture drilling machine uses treatment rod kind spare parts aperture of the center on two end panel; Deep aperture drilling machine is used at machining hole depth and diameter to compare L/d>5 deep aperture. CNC Milling CNC Machining