Efficient high speed is machined

94mm3 ／ Min, abrasive is not used when the job, use physics, chemical function however, the thermochemistry that be called is machined, this is the method that break free from conventions; Be like again recent shape quickly (RP) , can shape below the circumstance that does not have a mould, leave out the cycle that the mould makes; The cut speed of cut of electric spark line is in of home it is OK to walk along filar machine tool quickly to go up achieve 70mm2 ／ Min, the machine tool of AGIE company of Switzerland can achieve 500mm2 ／ Min, and the machine tool of 3 water chestnut electric machinery of Japanese can achieve 550mm2 ／ Min, the rate of high speed grinding that achieved average milling rate to be begun now has been achieved 60, 120m ／ S, arrive even 200m ／ S, already achieved 500m ／ S in the lab, and average grinding rate is 30-35m ／ S only. High speed grinding is efficient grinding method, its cut depth, rate taking a knife is old; Grinding of additionally one kind of peristalsis and high speed grinding just contrary, cut deep big, rate taking a knife is minor, but it is efficient grinding, it is cutting dosage differs only, so figure ground analogy is somebody " chelonian hare race " , each has his strong point. 1931, german Carl Salomon put forward famous prophecy, synchronism increases general cutting speed and heat in metal cutting, but through a cutting not after dead cereal, although cutting speed increases; Can appear instead heat in metal cutting drops, today, aluminous cutting speed had achieved 5000m ／ Min, the prophecy of CarlSalomon will be announced. The place on put together is narrated, it is the important step that improves productivity with raising cutting speed to regard as, of course this is not all, still remain to develop. Because high speed machines main body to show,be in milling respect, the face is given priority to with machining center under place undertake introductory. The machine tool develops the premise condition that is treatment of efficient high speed to make rapid progress of the technology as a result of the machine tool currently, mechanical production domain is brewing tremendous change. Numerical control machine tool develops much axis machining center, all sorts of working procedure are intensive an organic whole, apparent ground shortened auxiliary time, improved productivity, the outfit that reduced workpiece at the same time places a number, rose to machine precision. The place on put together is narrated, the development target of current machine tool should be: Reduce process change, improve efficiency apparently; Incline to at working procedure intensive, raise precision easily; Use head of compound cutting tool, ball to establish the advanced tool such as milling cutter, the cutting that can increase every unit time is measured; Speed taking a knife is accelerated, cutting efficiency rises; Can reduce the process making light after milling; The automatic exchange of cutting tool, splint, automation rate is high, auxiliary time shortens significantly; Because complex part is machined easily, the improvement of structure of stimulative spare parts. Look from the angle of aerospace, think generally this kind of development of the machine tool, special agree with odd a small lot production, so rapid ground, more ground is in odd a system of small lot production is medium enriched these equipment, carrying out the equipment that also made clear automation is the need that accords with aerospace system to make a technology develop. Of course, from the angle analysis that improves productivity, besides automation treatment, still existing how further, the problem that more reasonable favourable geographical position progresses with all sorts of technologies. From the development observation of the machine tool, the high speed of machine tool main shaft is changed increased rotate speed significantly, the machine tool of ／ Min of prep above 10000r has been compared general. The progress of bearing technology, offerred a possibility for this. The development of main shaft, the most outstanding is electric main shaft already commercial. The lubricant technology of main shaft is very crucial, get the attention of each respect. Come for years, from grease lubricant development lubricates to oily mist, lubricant, annulus issues oil gas (Under-race) is lubricant, even air cooling is lubricant wait. Accompanying the development of high speed main shaft, grease lubricates to cannot have suited, the reason that because pollute,oily mist lubricates is used also decreasing, use now most extensive is oil gas lubricates, more reasonable is annulus next lubricating, it is better to make crucial core got lubricant. Of lubricant function rise, make ball bearing also can bear the high rotate speed of 70000r ／ Min. What the United States uses on machine tool main shaft so is bearing of ABEC7 class high accuracy, had developed ABEC9 form now, showing the precision of bearing to rise is must. As a result of the development of material, appeared again ball of pottery and porcelain, make the function of ball bearing more rise, this also is the need that makes sure main shaft high speed is changed. Increasing main shaft rotate speed and precision respect, also have use gas surplus static press bearing or fluid on the surface is calm press bearing, and magnetic force bearing can reach higher level. A few years ago, american J&L and Ingersoll company rolled out the high speed machine tool that uses linear electric machinery, cause tremendous echo, increasing the rate that short of of ball guide screw reached since knife career respect, but at that time because cost is too high, on specific application, more those who appear is the pitch that increases guide screw, increase a number, perhaps make hollow big diameter guide screw, connect with lukewarm the water that accuse, maintain appropriate temperature. Also the view is used static those who press guide screw, but still have bigger difference from function, it is highest and OK achieve acceleration 1 ～ 1.

5g, and linear electric machinery can achieve 10g above. Make technical progress as a result of linear electric machinery later, its cost is reduced apparently, application increases apparently. Also used linear electric machinery on electric spark machine tool now, if Japanese SODICK uses 3 linear electric machinery even. Walk along the high speed of the knife to change only, high speed machines ability to get coming true truly. Of course, around high speed treatment still has a series of the technology needs to solve, for example, the rate of splint exchange, tool exchange also should increase. German DIGMA, CHIRON, STAMA, of Japan river bend greatly, the company such as the MIKRON of lucky earth is the manufacturer of famous high speed machine tool on the world. The tool exchange time of the small-sized machining center of CHIRON has been achieved 0.

5s. Also ask to raise main shaft at the same time add decelerate to spend, make main shaft can stop to perhaps be achieved in cutty time highest fast, can have achieved 2s left and right sides now. To satisfy efficient the need of treatment, the intensity of the machine tool, stiffness, stability, fight brace up accepted a challenge the gender, from the design so the respect used CAD method, lay good foundation beforehand; There was more apparent change on structural material especially, appeared what stone pledges material replaces a tradition is cast-iron the method with steel, if use granite of granite, pottery and porcelain, man-made, scagliola,wait. In exceed accurate machine tool to go up to still have the glass-ceramics that introduces 0 coefficient of expansion (Germany calls Zerodur, japan calls vitreous ceramics) . Come nearly a few years, the machine tool asks to get used to the development of productivity, very big change produced in structural material side, the function of the machine tool had great progress. Our country develops successful man-made granite earlier, there has been longer history on the application of granite. The material of construction of high speed machine tool of German DIGMA company used compound polymer concrete, raised the stiffness of the machine tool, have oscillatory attenuation sex advantageous (the 6 ～ of 1 ／ that are cast are 1 ／ 8) , low heat is out of shape (the 25 ～ of 1 ／ that are cast the characteristic of 1 ／ 40) . In recent years the development change quickly of the machine tool, high speed is changed, compound change, muti_function change, the tide that high accuracy turns is more apparent, what machinery creates a field is thematic it is to improve productivity. For example the center of laser milling machinery that DMG company reveals, get on intensive of different type of work in a machine tool; To solve the problem of a bits better, EMAG company of Germany developed convert machining center; Compared much company to offer 5 axes currently machining center; Especially the occurrence of fictitious machine tool, produced bigger change from the design of the machine tool, it is as before now in development. Of cutting tool function rise to machined development to if need to obtain treatment of efficient high speed,offer possibility for efficient high speed, cutting tool is the factor with main another. The development of material of current cutting tool, created better condition to the need of treatment, besides high-speed steel, hard alloy, the pottery and porcelain, cermet, development that exceeds hard data had main effect. Especially pottery and porcelain, exceed hard data, the development that machines to efficient high speed provided strong support. What be worth to allude more is, american GE company exceeded hard data to gain a success with synthesis of high temperature, high pressure 1955, made cutting domain produce major change. On this foundation, appeared very quickly PCD, PCBN, the cutting of embarrassed treatment material, dry cutting, hard cutting, treatment that exceeds accurate cutting to wait created a condition. In another respect that cutting machines, it is the exterior technology application on cutting tool, deposit of PVD(physics gas phase) , deposit of CVD(chemistry gas phase) ceaseless get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, by monolayer development becomes multilayer, 1000 layer, compound coating, develop accept rice coating again now; The material of coating, from TiN development is A12O3, TiC, ZrO2, etc, according to the requirement of treatment, to improve high temperature resistant performance, developed TiCN, TiAlN, TiSiN, CrSiN to wait again. To reduce attrition force, use soft coating, be like deposit MoS2, be like the Molyglide that German Guehring company uses again, this kind of coating is given priority to with MoS2, it can reduce the coefficient of friction in cutting. Of course this wants a basis to be added the characteristic of workpiece, apply respectively on requires treatment. Coating technology developed to exceed hard coating again now (kind diamond, diamond, cubic nitrogen changes boracic) , more the limits that makes cutting is machined widens. What be worth to mention particularly is filmy coating development makes thick film, it is different from natural diamond, have isotropy, had been in now get domestic and internationally applied, the part replaced natural diamond. Also had solved the synthetic technology of diamond of big grain single crystal now, these change are very far-reaching to the influence of our country, our country has been the country with most crop of world synthesis diamond, this is helpful for our country developing efficient processing technique. To get used to treatment of efficient high speed, auxiliary tool also is very important step, for example in the application that original built up fixture is in machining center, to increase its strength, had fastened development to make aperture department from groove. What compare a pattern at present is the application of EROWA and 3R combination tool, had machined from report, development arrives on machining center, accelerated rhythm not only, more important is to achieve high accuracy, these tools developed cutting to machine a domain from original mould report treatment. Taking the knife handle that the place of cutting tool field of the handle requires, new-style structure developed in the process that also cooperating treatment of cutting of efficient, high accuracy, for example of hydraulic pressure, plastic, use the knife handle of shrinkage fitting extensively again now, the precision of its clamp rises apparently, achieve 2 ～ 3 μ M. This kind of device is already mature now, for example ZOLLER company of Germany has installed such device directly going up to Dao Yi, explain this technology advanced one step ahead again. The progress of the tool provided strong support for efficient treatment. The implementation creation condition that machines for efficient high speed is well-known, aerospace industry looks from the angle of crop belong to production of much breed small lot, because this thinks to machine a relation with automation,compare little, often do not use the equipment of automation. Since NC machine tool appears, especially after all sorts of machining centers are born, the idea of people begins to produce delicate change. Since introducing the machining center with not little amount to, the practice that passes just a little 10 years, the treatment automation of small lot spare parts produced main effect not only, and the raising that shows in the Dou Youming on periodic, quality, the amount of tool also decreases significantly, special in working procedure much, cycle grows, the treatment respect of the casing part with complex structure, more the advantage that shows a center. A problem that deserves a consideration is how to use high speed treatment to be efficient treatment service. Recently, what in the world the equipment more that reveals on big exhibition each emphasizes is efficient, on this foundation, emphasize using high speed treatment again, that is to say, want to use technical progress integratedly. The rotate speed of major main shaft is the machining center that reveal left and right sides of 20000r ／ Min. This perhaps is current thematic -- treatment of efficient high speed. To realize treatment of efficient high speed, must consider each aspects, for example the logical choice of machine tool, tool; Of cutting dosage appropriate use; High speed main shaft maintains; Safety defends reach those who cut bits is seasonable clear etc. In these respects, still need to be discussed further. It is with the machine tool exemple, ought to use the main shaft of high speed, high-power; The machine tool has enough stiffness, strength; Knife handle must choose the cone with machine tool main shaft and end panel contact, become loose in order to prevent when high speed circumgyrate; In defend respect, must prevent those who cut bits to splatter; Cutting fat dose must can infuse arrives on cutting dot, special when high speed grinding, to prevent workpiece burn, the design of nozzle is particularly important, japan bright the Hengchuanheyan that controls a college expressed a lot of opinions, be worth reference; Because the amount cutting bits of high speed cutting is large, cut bits to must eliminate in time to wait so. It is with cutting tool exemple, current coating development is very rapid, the object choice that is aimed at treatment is necessary; Machine exterior quality to rise, using ball head milling cutter is appropriate, as a result of its cutting speed of the center is 0, when be being used so but Jiang Lixi knife tilts the milling flutter that an angle establishs milling cutter to cause for improvement, use milling cutter of the horn that bring a circle, this is the closest development trend; Use the tool of the aperture that carry oil to improve cooling result; To prevent to establish the vibration of milling cutter, the helix chamfer that differs knife chamfer consummate to divide or differ; When high speed cutting, milling cutter bit body employs aluminium alloy, the hilt that cuts off a knife often intensity is poor, so Japan stays in friendly company to put forward to use hard metal, to solve the processing that cuts bits, use the appropriate bit that break bits; Machining deep aperture moment, use bit of new-style knife chamfer, be like the broach of series of Geuhring company RT, its core is thick increase, raised stiffness, allow bits chamfer broaden, cut bits easily eduction, be helpful for deep Kong Jia be versed in so; On machining center, must use numerical control cutting tool, this understanding is consistent, but the price rose. A large number of occurrence of compound now cutting tool, can improve efficiency not only, and a number that reduced cutting tool, the lathe tool of ISCAR is the most typical. Of cutting tool compound spend the number that reduced to change a knife apparently and time, the knife library decrescent of the machine tool, also improved efficiency necessarily. From eye antecedent condition looks, some units already introduced thousands of new-style automation machine tool, but what main shaft rotate speed is more than 10000r ／ Min is very few, its reason is, to high speed treatment is put in a kind of misgive. According to the introduction of German DMG company, the life of the high speed main shaft that this company offers is 2 years, the key is the issue that how closes manage application. When discussing imported equipment, hope to introduce high-speed device almost, this also mirrors the state of mind that gives technical staff. Mikron company thinks high-powered cutting does not have strict definition now, however, in applying actually, although method of these two kinds of milling belongs to high speed cutting and high-powered cutting in the category of high-powered cutting craft, but high speed cutting falls in most circumstance, having with high-powered cutting differ apparently. A respect that high speed cutting is high-powered cutting only just, and another element that high-powered cutting pays close attention to is metallic purify rate, this is the issue that the consideration needs when our imported equipment. CNC Milling CNC Machining