Improve cutting efficiency, reducing cost is the objective that metallic cutting technology pursues for a long time. Popularly says, raise the cutting efficiency, main avenue that reduces cost to have the following sides: Raise cutting rate, raise feed speed and increase cutting depth. One, high speed cuts the development history from machining to look, what people uses before is through discover and improving new cutting cutting tool data promotes cutting rate substantially normally, improve cutting efficiency thereby, reduce manufacturing cost. Of cutting speed rose to bring enormous technical economic benefits for mechanical manufacturing industry, still reflecting the progress of level of technology of mechanical production whole. 20 centuries since 80 time, already of Euramerican cutting tool crosses many experiment to consider, had new breakthrough to the understanding of cutting mechanism, become namely of cutting speed raise more than a certain critical cost (different material has different critical value) hind, of cutting tool wear away be not the law that forces a curve according to peaceful to increase quickly, be in instead the following the addition that cutting rate follows inside an interval and decrease somewhat, rise afresh again after experiencing bottom of a cereal. Although the academic explanation of this one phenomenon has not get unity, but this does not hamper we are near that cereal bottom undertake applied to high speed processing technique. By look at present, the aviation of industrial developed country, the industry such as machinery of car, motivation, mould, bearing, machine tool above all indebted at this new technology, make the product quality of afore-mentioned industries rises apparently, cost is reduced substantially, gained market competition advantage. Theory is analysed and carry out a proof, high speed cutting is project of a system. From technical level, it involves high speed main shaft unit, fast feed and add high (decrease) the processing of the machine tool structure of system of the drive system of speed, high-powered fast CNC control, tall tigidity, data and control of deferent, dynamic balancing, exceed material of strong cutting tool and film engineering technology to wait; From administrative level, it involves high speed to machine concept, new management method to wait. As one part of the system, each link are coordinated each other only, ability produces its due beneficial result. For example, machine the curved surface in the mould, if other link accorded with the requirement that high speed machines, but the data processing of its CAM uses linear interpolation only and not be circular arc interpolation or batten curve interpolation come the curve of imitate workpiece surface, the feed system of the machine tool always lies to add decelerate ceaselessly in the process, cannot achieve booked feed rate, limitted cutting efficiency thereby rise to be reduced with what produce cost. Same, if you chose the 3 blade of common structure to establish milling cutter in high speed milling, because its use one tine to cross central structure normally, a priori of dynamic balancing function is insufficient, also meet what cannot achieve you book rotate speed likewise, make your treatment efficiency cannot be achieved book a target. Waerte is the world banner metal machines tool industry, in the manufacturing industry with world each district much successful experience was accumulated in the collaboration of German car line of business especially. Waerte (without stannum) the practice that began high speed treatment already in China, the high speed cutting that also sees China is in rapid growth, we are willing to share the technical fruit of high speed cutting jointly with Chinese manufacturing industry very much. The systematic cutting tool that serves as you is companionate, we think high speed cutting of China in the ascendant, development perspective is very wide. Here, of the one pipe that I consider to with respect to cutting tool the application in high speed cutting puts forward me see. We should take problem of cutting tool security seriously adequately above all in high speed cutting. Milling is the main technology that at present high speed cutting uses, milling cutter is cutting tool of main high speed cutting, include face milling cutter, establish milling cutter and mould milling cutter. This kind of cutting tool wants to bear partly each when high speed rotates very great centrifugal power, its action exceeds the action of cutting force far, become the main load of cutting tool, too big from mental efforts enough brings about cutter hub broken. Germany is at the beginning of 90 time the research that began technologies of pair of security of high speed milling cutter, below the support of machine Manufacturers Association, formed the working group that joins by manufactory of cutting tool of university research organization, institute and user, pursue the research of technology of security of high speed milling cutter. Through job of nearly 10 years, obtained a series of level sex positive result, made German state level be adopted to be European standard, drove worldwide inside the development of technology of high speed cutting. Waerte is in this process undertook study with respect to the intensity computation of high speed milling cutter together with the working group. Pass what be used technically at high speed milling cutter is finite yuan of calculation method, developed the computational module of bolt of cutter hub, blade holder, razor blade, clamp respectively, still can the nailhead of slip, snail in blade holder is in imitate razor blade to screw and work below load be out of shape. Study computation shows, achieve some when rotate speed when critical speed, bolt achieves critical stress and appear drawing is out of shape. And before achieving critical rate, bolt arises above all bend, actual length lengthens, clamping force drops, cause bit happening displacement. Accordingly, for safety, product of formulary cutting tool is in German standard to exceed the top rotate speed with nominal manufacturer at least the ability below the circumstance of 60% produces displacement, in exceed the top rotate speed with nominal manufacturer at least the ability below the circumstance of 100% produces disintegrate or integral cutting tool break off. In applying actually, waerte is in its on the integrated example 2000, listed its almost all reaming, bore hole the top rotate speed that cutting tool and milling cutter are in what different diameter falls, using a provision its are produced formerly is special safety below bit and the condition that produce fittings formerly. And Musidate is amounted to in Germany in the experiment of the university, waerte is nominal and highest rotate speed 8, the milling cutter of 000r/min is as high as 36 in actual rotate speed, the ability when 700r/min produces disintegrate, showed itself of its cutting tool adequately also to have enough security. Now, euramerican tool manufacturer considers the adaptability of pair of high speed cutting increasingly in design phase. If cover with tiles the one part new cutting tool with special Er is like F2339 of ball head milling cutter, bit underside has check of two empty knives, the raised photograph that can go up with cutter hub cooperates, action is uninstalled since the centrifugal force that goes up in clamp bolt to action, make its can be used relative to higher cutting rate. And the face milling cutter that machines aluminium alloy, as a result of its extremely high cutting rate, when big diameter moment of inertia also is met very big. Accordingly, big diameter milling cutter of Waerte that machines aluminium alloy used cutter hub of high strenth aluminium alloy, reduced moment of inertia greatly, increased the security of cutting tool. And Waerte also will roll out the boring tool that can have automatically in dimension adjustment process balancing accommodative this year. Besides the security of cutting tool itself, the function of integral dynamic balancing after cutting tool places the security that runs a system and installation also must take seriously adequately. Waerte is recommended HSK is used in high speed cutting hollow the interface that short awl handle regards cutting tool and machine tool as, expand fluid pressure type, heat type serves as the with cutting tool interface on knife handle, and the columnar handle the standard (do not take cut smooth structure) the main form that regards cutting tool as petiole. Below very high rotate speed, the balance that maintains systematic itself except cutting tool and clip is essential premise condition outside, installation hind still needs to have integral balance. Accordingly, the large size milling cutter that is used at machining aluminium alloy must can undertake balancing adjustment. Say commonly, below condition of high speed cutting dish kind cutting tool should undertake at least static balancing, and lever kind cutting tool must undertake dynamic balancing. OK also only but still compare as a result of what balance device introduces while our country is introducing high speed machine tool little, the hope can cause the attention of the user. In the meantime, my individual thinks domestic tool supplier also must strengthen the research of security of high speed cutting tool, in order to promote the development of technology of cutting of our country high speed. Because high rotate speed brings high metallic excision rate, although machine aluminium alloy,also can raise tall requirement to the power of the machine tool. Computation makes clear, the milling cutter of 3 tine corn that uses diametical 30mm machines wide 30mm, deepness to also be the chamfer of 30mm, if use 1, the cutting speed of 100m/min and 0. The feed of 1mm/z, power may be achieved about 57.
6kW. Accordingly, the strategy of high speed cutting that covers with tiles Er spy company recommends an user to use is: High cutting rate, medium feed and small cutting deepness. To large surplus treatment, the proposal is used statified cutting. 2, technology of lathe tool of Wiper of tall feed cutting is in traditional finish machining, because workpiece surface surface roughness has particular demand, the feed of cutting tool is lesser. For example, to turning surface surface roughness the requirement is Ra0.
The columnar surface of 4µm, when circle of point of a knife horn is 0.
8mm, fz should not exceed its feed 0.
10mm/r. And the Wiper razor blade that tool industry already began to recommend tall feed to the user now. Regard Wiper car as bit, it is commonly go up according to the blade of deputy cutting of tool cutting edge angle that arranges beforehand make give a straight Xiu Guangren (the) that the circular arc of useful also big diameter makes Xiu Guangren. Be in theoretic, if take no account of systematic tigidity and the microcosmic blemish of itself of the blade that repair light, want feed not to exceed the width of its Xiu Guangren only, the exterior surface roughness of workpiece suffers the effect of size of workpiece material grain only, can be very little. In practice, wiper car razor blade of Waerte is in production enterprise of component of Shanghai some car to use 0.
The feed of 3mm/r, exterior surface roughness achieved Ra0.
The requirement of 4µm, relatively its original treatment efficiency rises 3 times much. Waerte also devotes oneself to the development of big feed milling cutter at the same time. As development direction Xiaoyu measures treatment, how to raise treatment efficiency to had made our task. This year, f2330 of big feed milling cutter has come out. The tool cutting edge angle that this kind of milling cutter has a change (the smallest part is 0 ° , the tool cutting edge angle that external diameter is in makes an appointment with 15 ° ) , cut deep do not exceed 2mm commonly, and the biggest feed can achieve every tine 3.
5mm. With the Waerte of working diameter 52mm F2330 milling cutter is exemple, the cutting tool that has 3 tooth every turn feed can exceed 10mm greatly most. When F2330 Gao Jin realizes tall feed cutting to milling cutter, the feed force that because tall feed is brought,reduces adds, the brought issue such as oscillatory tendency accentuation, we should take the following step in respect of cutting tool system: Reduce radial cutting force (if reduce tool cutting edge angle, the) such as the horn before increasing and blade dip; Reduce cutting tool to hang extend, because material is mechanical the rigidity that demonstrates cantilever bridge already is as dangerous as its just become inverse ratio 3 times when extend length; Use the arbor data that high stretch standard measures, if the stretch model quantity of hard alloy compares steel to make an appointment with 3 times high, that is to say the rigid arbor comparing steel of arbor of integral hard alloy makes an appointment with 3 times high; Increase arbor diameter, of the tigidity because of cutting tool and knife shank diameter just become direct ratio 4 times, that is to say if cutting tool diameter increases 25% , cutting tool tigidity is close to those who increase to before 250% . 3, milling cutter of F2230 of large surplus cutting looks in the author, although large surplus cutting also is the one part of efficient cutting, but can not call new technology on the whole. In home, we call large surplus cutting heavy cut commonly. On international formerly only business of a few a few tool is made use the heavy cut milling cutter that establishs structure of outfit razor blade, but the business of a few main cutting tool that includes Waerte inside in recent years already supplied a variety of heavy cut milling cutter. The author thinks notable is the milling cutter of large surplus cutting that is used at rough machining of mould deep antrum. Normally, we use the treatment method of cutting of edge contour line when treatment antrum, although use,climb slope law to also be belonged to inclined to cutting. Method of these two kinds of treatment all has certain radial cutting power to exist, because cutting tool is dangerous,extend in deep antrum treatment longer, produce vibration to avoid to be below the periodic action of radial cutting force, use inferior cutting dosage normally, bring inferior cutting efficiency thereby. Cover with tiles Er is rolled out especially in recent years insert F2230 of type milling cutter, use complete axial feed, do not have axial cutting force almost on milling cutter thereby, cutting dosage and manufacturing efficiency are able to rise substantially. 2002, we the drive that in Hunan one company rough machining makes with 30CrMnTi annulus, what the client uses formerly is to use the corn milling cutter of company of foreign famous cutting tool to undertake statified cutting, because time of whole rough machining is long (cost about 90 minutes of) , still need to change when machining a half bit, and the razor blade of this workpiece uses up rough machining about 300 yuan of RMBs. Use Waerte now efficiency of the treatment after F2230 milling cutter rises substantially, time-consuming decrease, after outfit places bit, can machine 1.
5-2 workpiece, the razor blade of this workpiece uses up rough machining reduce to about 100 yuan of RMBs. Because the cutting tool charge, machine tool charge, charge that change a knife gets decreasing, they reduce year of production cost from this about 9.
80 thousand yuan of RMBs. The viewpoint of author of epilogue according to, in method of these 3 kinds of efficient cutting, the development margin of large surplus cutting may be narrow. Because big mental allowance is representing low overall material utilization factor and relatively inferior economic benefits. Cast as nicety, nicety forgings the ceaseless development that waits for craft, the circumstance of large surplus cutting can decrease further. Accordingly, our attention should be centered morely on cutting of high speed cutting and tall feed. The author thinks high speed cutting is a kind when deserve attention very much in efficient treatment. It is us above all the critical point need that there still are a lot of workpiece stuffs in the domain of high speed cutting is decided in ceaseless practice, next as material technology especially the development of accept rice technology, the cutting function of cutting tool material also can promote ceaselessly. The progress of these cutting tool technologies is sure to make the relevant technology such as technology, data processing and technology of control of transmission technology, heat in metal cutting form with the machine tool benign and interactive, promote the ceaseless development of efficient cutting technology thereby. In the meantime, cutting of big feed cutting is the new application heat in contemporary cutting technology, the says now efficient cutting on international (HPC) points to big feed cutting namely on narrow sense. The technical difficulty because of big feed cutting relatively high speed cutting is a few less. With respect to the machine tool character, it does not have too big difference to the requirement of main shaft and traditional cutting, and high speed cutting has to main shaft a series of requirement; But both differ in feed system respect not quite, high feed rate and feed system acceleration. To certain material and cutting tool dimension, although general accuracy machine tool also can realize the efficient cutting of big feed. CNC Milling
CNC Machining